The construction industry in India is known to consume vast amounts of freshwater, particularly at construction sites where activities such as concrete mixing, surface wetting, and equipment washing require significant water usage. In light of this, experts emphasise the need to rethink construction technology to reduce its dependence on water and make the industry more sustainable.
Nitin Agarwal, Principal Architect at Studio Synergy, highlights that the water used during construction is primarily sourced from groundwater. However, authorities have prohibited the use of groundwater for construction and instead provide treated water through Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs). Unfortunately, owners and builders are reluctant to opt for this alternative due to the current high cost associated with treated water.
Agarwal proposes setting up wastewater treatment plants near construction areas to address this challenge to reduce transportation costs and make treated water more affordable. He also suggests exploring water recycling during construction, as much water is wasted during curing. Collecting and reusing this water through simple treatment methods can reduce construction costs, and the overall process can become more sustainable.
Gurmit Singh Arora, President of the Indian Plumbing Association, emphasises that treated wastewater can be used in place of fresh water for pavement construction, reducing the need for millions of gallons of fresh water. This practice can be applied in base course layers within the construction industry, further promoting sustainability.
Ashwinder Singh, CEO Residential at Bhartiya Urban, explains that approximately 50 litres of water are required to construct one sq ft in an urban setting. While advancements in project management tools and 3D printing offer potential solutions, using treated wastewater remains a simpler and cost-effective way to reduce construction costs.
Recognising the importance of sustainability in construction, the Karnataka government mandated in 2019 that developers must utilise only treated wastewater for all types of construction activities, signalling a step in the right direction within the policy framework.
