India is on the brink of a transformative leap in electric bus (e-bus) technology as it gears up to establish standards for swappable batteries, aiming to streamline the process of battery changeovers at accessible stations.
In a move aimed at enhancing interoperability, the forthcoming norms will address key parameters such as size, weight, and capacity of batteries intended for e-buses, revealed a senior government official. Presently, e-bus manufacturers deploy proprietary batteries tailored to fit specific vehicle models, resulting in disparate capacities and weights with minimal compatibility. However, with the proposed standards, emphasis is placed on fostering a more cohesive technological ecosystem in e-buses, with interoperability emerging as a central focus. The introduction of common battery swapping stations across cities and highways is envisioned as a pivotal step towards optimising infrastructure utilisation and bolstering operational efficiency. By enabling swift battery replacements at designated swapping stations, both in urban depots and along highways, the standards aim to alleviate range anxiety among e-bus operators, mitigating concerns of mid-journey battery discharge.
The Ministry of Heavy Industries had initially sought consensus between battery swapping stations and two-wheeler manufacturers regarding interoperability. However, with no resolution achieved, the ministry has now pivoted towards formulating comprehensive norms to address this critical need. Under the prevailing procurement model, central agencies acquire e-buses and subsequently transfer them to state transport utilities (STUs) for operation and cost recovery. STUs, in turn, bear the responsibility of reimbursing bus manufacturers.
While plug-in charging remains prevalent in procurement tenders, the introduction of the PM e-Bus Sewa Scheme in August 2023 aims to expedite e-bus deployment, with plans to roll out 10,000 buses. Despite the established plug-in technology, concerns persist regarding charging duration and battery capacity, influencing passenger carrying capacity and overall vehicle weight. Experts advocate for a calibrated transition towards e-buses, emphasising the importance of enhancing battery efficiency while aligning operational dynamics with conventional refuelling paradigms, akin to compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. As India endeavours to reshape its public transportation landscape through electrification, the standardisation of swappable batteries represents a pivotal milestone in advancing sustainable mobility solutions nationwide.
