Lucknow’s Kukrail forest, a vital ecological sanctuary and one of the last remaining green lungs of the city, is showing alarming signs of decline as its ability to sustain natural regeneration weakens. Research conducted by the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP) and the Department of Geology at Lucknow University has revealed a significant drop in modern pollen taxa, essential for plant reproduction, signalling a critical shift in the forest’s biodiversity and sustainability.
The study points to a drastic reduction in the pollen of key native species, including Indian Plum, Indian Coral Tree, False White Teak, Amla, Mahua, and Indian Beech, raising concerns over the forest’s long-term viability. The findings underscore a troubling trend—modern pollen taxa, which serve as indicators of both present and future climatic conditions, are becoming increasingly scarce in the Kukrail ecosystem. Degraded pollen and spores were frequently observed in surface soil samples, indicating the challenges faced by trees in reproduction and seed dispersal. Experts warn that this degradation could eventually lead to large patches of treeless zones, further exacerbating environmental stress in the region. In contrast, pollen from cultivated crops such as mustard, rice, wheat, and coriander showed an increase, reflecting a surge in agricultural activities around the forest. The unchecked expansion of farmlands coupled with rapid urbanisation is disrupting the natural ecosystem, squeezing the already shrinking forest area.
Kukrail’s status as a tropical dry deciduous forest makes it highly sensitive to fluctuations in rainfall, soil nutrient levels, and temperature variations. The study emphasises that climatic irregularities and the narrowing of the Kukrail river due to urban encroachment have directly impacted the forest’s ability to thrive. Climate change-induced extreme weather events, including erratic monsoons and rising temperatures, are further accelerating biodiversity loss. Scientists argue that if urgent conservation measures are not taken, the region could witness irreversible damage, diminishing its capacity to provide ecological services such as carbon sequestration, temperature regulation, and air purification. These developments are particularly concerning for Lucknow, a city grappling with deteriorating air quality and increased heat stress due to rapid urban sprawl.
Researchers have also drawn attention to the planned development of the Kukrail Night Safari and Zoo, urging that construction activities adhere strictly to eco-friendly guidelines. They stress that any large-scale infrastructural projects should avoid concrete structures that could further disrupt the fragile ecosystem. Conservationists insist on integrating nature-based solutions, including reforestation efforts and hydrological restoration, to revive the Kukrail forest’s deteriorating health. Authorities have acknowledged the urgency of preserving the Kukrail river, a positive step, but long-term ecological strategies need to be prioritised to ensure that the forest remains a resilient green buffer against urban expansion. As Lucknow continues to develop, protecting the Kukrail forest is no longer just an environmental necessity but a crucial element of urban sustainability.
