In the landscape of India’s renewable energy (RE) sector, the concept of a circular economy is gaining prominence as the country grapples with the impending challenge of end-of-life (EOL) management of solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind assets.
With installations dating back to the 1980s, India’s RE journey has witnessed exponential growth, particularly in the last decade, driven by ambitious targets and policy incentives. As the nation marches towards its 2030 RE goals, estimated at 500 GW for its clean energy mix, concerns regarding the mounting volume of solar PV waste have come to the fore. Solar PV waste constitutes a significant portion of RE waste, with projections indicating a sixfold increase to approximately 600 kilo tonnes by 2030, primarily concentrated in states like Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Karnataka. Addressing the issue of solar waste necessitates a multifaceted approach encompassing waste management, resource efficiency, circular design, and geopolitical considerations. Effective waste management strategies are crucial to mitigate environmental degradation and alleviate the burden on landfills, while resource efficiency entails repurposing materials for a second lifecycle.
Moreover, embracing circular design principles involves reimagining the manufacturing process of RE products to facilitate easier recovery and recycling of materials at EOL. This shift towards circularity not only fosters sustainability but also presents opportunities for innovation and technological advancement within the sector. From a geopolitical standpoint, the integration of recycled critical minerals and metals back into India’s RE supply chain enhances resilience and reduces dependence on imports, currently accounting for 90 percent of the sector’s infrastructure.
By centring circularity in the RE ecosystem, India aims to address social, environmental, and geopolitical challenges while unlocking the full potential of its renewable energy resources. Through concerted efforts and strategic initiatives, the country aspires to build a sustainable and resilient energy future grounded in the principles of circular economy.
