India’s railway network is undergoing a significant transformation, with over 78 per cent of its tracks now capable of speeds of 110 kilometres per hour and above. This extensive upgrade, a result of substantial improvements over the last decade, marks a pivotal moment in the nation’s infrastructure development. The enhanced capacity and speed are set to redefine inter-city connectivity, contributing to a more efficient, sustainable, and equitable transport system crucial for the growth of modern Indian cities.
The comprehensive track upgradation initiatives include the strategic adoption of 60 kg rails, the deployment of wider base concrete sleepers, and the integration of thick web switches and longer rail panels. Furthermore, the use of H-Beam sleepers and modern track renewal and maintenance machines has been instrumental in this overhaul. This concerted effort has led to a remarkable four-fold increase in track length capable of 130 kmph and above, expanding from 5,036 kilometres in 2014 to 23,010 kilometres in 2025, now constituting 21.8 per cent of the total network.
Similarly, the track length designated for speeds between 110 and 130 kilometres per hour has more than doubled, surging from 26,409 kilometres in 2014 to 59,800 kilometres in 2025. This segment now represents a substantial 56.6 per cent of the entire track network. Concurrently, the proportion of tracks where train speeds were previously restricted to less than 100 kilometres per hour has been significantly reduced from 60.4 per cent to just 21.6 per cent, reflecting a widespread enhancement in operational efficiency across the country.
These infrastructure advancements are foundational for the optimal performance of modern rolling stock, including the semi-high-speed Vande Bharat trains. These indigenously developed trains, designed for speeds up to 180 kmph and operating at a maximum of 160 kmph, are directly benefiting from the upgraded track geometry. The ongoing commissioning of the Vande Bharat Sleeper train prototype, following extensive field trials, further underscores the commitment to providing premium, high-speed travel options that are both efficient and comfortable for long-distance journeys.
The accelerated modernisation of India’s railway network is a critical component of the nation’s broader agenda for sustainable urban and regional development. By facilitating faster and more reliable rail travel, these upgrades contribute to reducing reliance on less eco-friendly transport modes, thereby lowering carbon emissions and alleviating road congestion. This strategic investment in green infrastructure is poised to foster greater connectivity, enhance economic opportunities, and ensure more equitable access to services across diverse regions, shaping a resilient and inclusive future for India.
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