According to experts, a significant shortfall in private finance for green infrastructure and regional disparities in climate finance are impeding global efforts to meet climate targets and drive sustainable development. Challenges such as the Covid pandemic, the Ukraine conflicts and global financial constraints have exacerbated the financial outlook for emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). To address these issues, experts are urging G20 to prioritise making global financial architecture conducive to green infrastructure investments in EMDEs. A new framework has been proposed to facilitate private financial flows into these regions, aiming to bridge the gap in climate finance and support the transformation of energy systems, climate resilience, sustainable agriculture, and ecosystem restoration.
The urgency to bridge the climate finance gap is underscored by projections that emerging markets and developing countries (excluding China) will need to spend approximately USD 1 trillion per year by 2025 and USD 2.4 trillion per year by 2030 to achieve climate objectives. However, the global climate finance investments in 2022 amounted to only USD 1.62 trillion, falling significantly short of the USD 4.3 trillion required annually by 2030, as the Climate Policy Initiative projected.
The growth rate of private climate finance from 2011 to 2020 was slower than that of the public sector, highlighting the need for rapid scaling. Challenges in investing in EMDEs include a lack of understanding of investment opportunities, insufficient pipeline development, and project- and country-specific risks that increase capital costs and transaction expenses. Risk perception also discourages investors, including asset owners with substantial capital. Addressing these challenges is essential to unlock the required trillions of dollars of investment. However, mobilising private finance in EMDEs may become more difficult due to tightening monetary policies, leading to capital outflows and debt distress in some economies.
The lack of private finance for green infrastructure and regional disparities in climate finance pose significant barriers to meeting global climate targets and driving sustainable development. Urgent action is needed from the G20 to reshape global financial architecture and facilitate green infrastructure investments in EMDEs. The proposed framework and roadmap aim to bridge the climate finance gap, mobilise private capital, and support the necessary transformation of energy systems and resilience-building efforts. By addressing these challenges collectively, stakeholders can unlock trillions of dollars required for a sustainable and climate-resilient future.
