The winter of 2024-25, air pollution levels in India’s major urban centres reached alarming heights, with Delhi and Kolkata experiencing the most severe conditions. Despite their varied climatic zones, cities such as Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Bengaluru also saw significant increases in pollution, challenging their typically more favourable environments.
Delhi, situated in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, faced particularly hazardous air quality, with the Air Quality Index (AQI) reaching “severe plus” levels. This escalation led to the implementation of emergency measures, including school closures and advisories for residents to limit outdoor activities. Similarly, Kolkata endured elevated pollution levels, prompting health warnings and calls for immediate action. In Mumbai, the combination of vehicular emissions and industrial activities contributed to a noticeable decline in air quality. Chennai’s coastal location did not shield it from pollution, as vehicular and industrial emissions led to significant air quality degradation. Hyderabad and Bengaluru, traditionally experiencing better air quality, also witnessed concerning pollution spikes, attributed to rapid urbanization and increased vehicular traffic.
The deterioration of air quality across these cities has profound implications for public health, the environment, and the economy. Health experts have raised alarms about the long-term effects of sustained exposure to high pollution levels, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The tourism sector has also felt the impact, with reduced visitor numbers due to concerns over air quality. Addressing this crisis requires a multifaceted approach, including stricter emission standards, investment in public transportation to reduce vehicular emissions, and policies aimed at controlling industrial pollutants.
Public awareness campaigns are essential to educate citizens about the health risks associated with air pollution and to promote behavioural changes that support cleaner air. Collaboration between government bodies, private sectors, and civil society is crucial to implement effective solutions and ensure sustainable urban living conditions.
