In a pivotal advancement for India’s nuclear energy programme, the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) has granted approval for the fuel loading of the nation’s most sophisticated nuclear reactor—the 500 MWe sodium-cooled Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu. This authorisation marks a significant step towards the operationalisation of the PFBR, positioning India alongside Russia as the only nations with a commercially operational fast breeder reactor.
The AERB convened on 27th July at Kalpakkam to deliberate on the application for the ‘first approach to criticality’, encompassing the initiation of fuel loading into the reactor core and the commencement of ‘low power physics experiments’. According to a statement by a regulatory official, the board has conducted a comprehensive safety review and assessment through a multi-tier safety mechanism, complemented by regular inspections and observations by the on-site resident team. Following a thorough examination of the plant’s safety protocols and the presentations provided, the AERB granted permission for the project to proceed.
This milestone represents a crucial phase in India’s nuclear power trajectory. The 500 MWe sodium-cooled PFBR, being commissioned by Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Ltd (BHAVINI), exemplifies the nation’s commitment to the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative, as it is entirely designed and constructed with indigenous resources. Established in 2003, BHAVINI was tasked with the construction and operation of this advanced nuclear reactor, with substantial contributions from Indian industries.
Earlier this year, the process of core loading began in a phased manner, starting with the insertion of control sub-assemblies, followed by blanket sub-assemblies, under the careful supervision and necessary permissions from the AERB. In the final stage, fuel sub-assemblies will be loaded into the core, initiating the nuclear fission process. Upon achieving a sustained nuclear fission chain reaction, known as the reactor’s criticality, various low-power physics experiments will be conducted to ensure the reactor’s safe and efficient operation. The PFBR’s commissioning is a landmark achievement, not only enhancing India’s nuclear power capabilities but also advancing the country’s expertise in fast breeder reactor technology. This development holds significant promise for the future of sustainable and indigenous nuclear energy in India.
