Pune, once celebrated for its world-class healthcare infrastructure, is grappling with increasing health challenges in 2024. While the city has attracted medical tourism and developed state-of-the-art hospitals, the focus on preventive healthcare remains insufficient. This gap is evident in the rapid rise of vector-borne diseases, respiratory illnesses, and deteriorating air quality, which have put immense strain on the local healthcare system. The city’s growing urbanisation, combined with inadequate water drainage systems, has fostered conditions ideal for the spread of diseases like malaria, dengue, and chikungunya, with the latter showing an alarming surge in cases this year.
One of the most concerning developments in 2024 has been the sharp rise in chikungunya cases, with over 2,500 detected between June and September — a staggering 50-fold increase from the previous year. Doctors have noted that the chikungunya virus appears to have mutated, now causing prolonged arthritis and even neurological complications, including paralysis. Alongside this, new outbreaks of the Zika virus have emerged, heightening concerns due to its potential to cause congenital disabilities when transmitted during pregnancy. With no vaccines available for these diseases, the focus has shifted to preventive measures such as eliminating mosquito breeding grounds and minimising exposure.
Adding to these challenges, Pune has witnessed a significant rise in respiratory illnesses, particularly during the monsoon season. Influenza strains like H3N2 and H1N1 have increased, coinciding with the spike in mosquito-borne diseases. The city’s air quality, often reaching hazardous levels, has further aggravated the situation, leading to more frequent asthma and COPD flare-ups. As Pune’s Air Quality Index (AQI) crosses dangerous thresholds, experts are warning that prolonged exposure to pollution could reduce life expectancy by up to 10 years, a grim reality for urban residents.
The city’s authorities are making efforts to address these issues through public health campaigns and infrastructure improvements. In 2025, a partnership between government and NGOs will launch a rabies-free programme, while stricter traffic policing and road safety measures are expected to reduce the city’s high rate of road traffic accidents. However, the road to recovery is long. Experts emphasise that a focus on sustainability — such as reducing pollution and improving drainage systems to curb mosquito breeding — is key to mitigating future health risks. With rising health concerns, the onus is now on the government, medical professionals, and citizens alike to take collective action towards creating a healthier, safer Pune.
