Manipur, plagued by recurrent and severe flooding exacerbated by monsoon rains, deforestation, and rapid urbanization, is embracing advanced technologies to fortify its flood management strategies. The integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and sensor-based Early Warning Systems (EWS) emerges as a pivotal initiative aimed at enhancing real-time data collection, precise flood forecasting, and timely alerts to mitigate potential loss of life and property.
GIS serves as a cornerstone in flood management by facilitating the mapping of flood-prone areas, analyzing spatial data, and simulating flood scenarios. By amalgamating diverse datasets encompassing topography, land use, and hydrological models, GIS enables the creation of detailed flood risk maps. These maps are instrumental in pinpointing vulnerable zones and devising targeted mitigation plans. For instance, global examples such as Parramatta in Australia have successfully employed GIS-integrated 3Di hydrodynamic models to swiftly process real-time precipitation data, delivering precise flood level predictions within minutes. Such systems empower local authorities with critical time to implement preventive measures, thereby minimizing flood impacts (Springer, 2020).
Complementing GIS, sensor-based EWS leverage Internet of Things (IoT) devices to monitor key parameters like rainfall, river levels, and soil moisture in real-time. Data collected by these sensors is transmitted to central databases for analysis, enabling accurate flood event predictions and timely alert activations. In regions like Jordan and Tanzania, advanced sensor networks bolster flood prediction accuracy significantly. Utilizing methodologies such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and multi-modal sensor systems, these systems enhance forecasting capabilities and ensure proactive flood management (MDPI, 2021, 2023). To enhance flood resilience, Manipur can adopt a dual-pronged approach integrating GIS and sensor-based EWS: Early Warning Systems Deployment: Establishing sensor networks to monitor real-time rainfall, river levels, and soil moisture, integrated with community alert systems for swift dissemination of warnings. Models akin to Parramatta’s 3Di can be adapted to provide instant flood predictions based on weather forecasts and local hydrological data.
GIS Mapping and Analysis: Developing and regularly updating detailed flood risk maps using GIS technology to identify high-risk areas. These maps aid in scenario simulations for effective urban planning and disaster response strategies. Infrastructure Enhancements: Upgrading drainage systems and constructing resilient embankments with innovative materials like self-healing concrete can mitigate flood risks. Incorporating green infrastructure such as permeable pavements further enhances stormwater management capabilities.
