A recent study conducted by the Arun Duggal Centre of Excellence for Research in Climate Change and Air Pollution (CERCA) at IIT-Delhi has unveiled Kolkata’s commendable position as the second cleanest city among 11 major metropolitan areas worldwide in May 2024, particularly concerning PM2.5 concentration in the atmosphere. This research sheds light on the critical issue of air quality, with implications for public health and environmental sustainability.
PM2.5, a fine particulate matter, poses significant health risks as it can penetrate deep into the lungs upon inhalation, potentially causing respiratory ailments and other health complications. Kolkata’s notable achievement in maintaining PM2.5 levels below 20 µg/m³ underscores its proactive measures to mitigate air pollution and safeguard public health.
Comparatively, Dhaka, Kolkata’s regional counterpart, registered alarmingly high PM2.5 levels, nearing 140 µg/m³, highlighting the severity of air pollution in neighbouring regions. Conversely, Kolkata and Chennai exhibited considerably lower PM2.5 concentrations, portraying a positive trend towards cleaner air quality.
Meteorological factors, such as atmospheric boundary layer dynamics and relative humidity, significantly influenced air quality outcomes during the study period. The dispersion of pollutants was facilitated by elevated boundary layer heights, aided by prevailing meteorological conditions. Additionally, high relative humidity played a crucial role in particle aggregation, transforming smaller particulate matter into coarser particles that are less prone to suspension in the atmosphere.
Emphasizing the constitutional right to clean air, the study underscores the importance of concerted efforts to combat air pollution and mitigate its adverse effects on public health and the environment. Furthermore, it highlights the interconnectedness of air pollution and climate change, advocating for comprehensive strategies to address emissions from various sources, including industrial activities, transportation, and agricultural practices.
In conclusion, Kolkata’s noteworthy performance in maintaining clean air quality serves as a beacon of hope and inspiration for other developing nations grappling with air pollution challenges. By prioritizing air quality management and sustainable development initiatives, Kolkata exemplifies a proactive approach towards achieving environmental stewardship and fulfilling international commitments towards a greener future.
