Kolkata Grapples with Severe Cold Outbreak, Thousands Affected by Cough and Voice Loss
Kolkata is currently facing a major health challenge as a wave of cold and cough infections has swept across the city, affecting thousands. These illnesses, which typically present with a sore throat and mild fever, have taken a concerning turn as many residents, especially the younger population, are suffering from a prolonged and severe version of the infection. With symptoms lingering for up to three to four weeks despite medication, a significant number of people have reported a temporary loss of voice, causing widespread alarm. Doctors attribute this severe onset of symptoms to fluctuations in temperature, which have provided the ideal conditions for respiratory viruses to thrive.
The temperature in Kolkata has been swinging erratically over the past fortnight, with cold spells followed by warmer days, which has provided an opportunity for viruses such as rhinovirus, metapneumovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus to spread. These viruses typically cause upper respiratory infections like the common cold, but in this outbreak, they have progressed into more severe conditions like laryngitis and sinusitis. “We are seeing a large number of patients experiencing prolonged symptoms that progress to laryngopharyngitis, which often results in a hoarse or choked voice,” explained Dr. Sauren Panja, intensivist at RN Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences (RTIICS).
The Worsening Symptomatology and Its Impact on Vulnerable Groups
Patients initially presented with typical cold symptoms, including a cough and mild fever, but the unusual duration of these symptoms has raised serious concerns. The condition, which would usually resolve within a week, has been persisting far longer, with some even losing their voice entirely. While many patients have managed to recover with antibiotics and other treatments, the disease’s tenacity, coupled with the swelling in the airways, has left many struggling for weeks. This prolonged recovery process has caused not just physical discomfort but emotional distress, particularly for those who rely on their voice for work or study.
The timing of the outbreak has added to the anxiety, as many students preparing for exams have been affected. “I couldn’t speak for days. It was scary. I was supposed to give an important presentation,” shared Souvik Basu, a tech professional who developed a hoarse voice after a New Year’s Eve celebration. Medical professionals have noted that the outbreak is especially severe among younger people, though adults, too, are facing prolonged illnesses. With board exams approaching, parents, particularly those with children suffering from similar infections, are concerned about the impact on their children’s academic performance.
Pollution’s Role in Worsening Respiratory Conditions
Adding to the burden is the rising air pollution levels, which have compounded the effects of the cold outbreak. Doctors warn that those with pre-existing respiratory conditions, such as asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), are particularly vulnerable. The cold, combined with the pollutants circulating in the winter air, increases the likelihood of respiratory distress. Dr. Bhaskar Narayan Chowdhury, a microbiologist at Peerless Hospital, noted that allergens and pollutants are infiltrating the lungs at a higher rate due to the stagnant air during winter months. This exacerbates the symptoms, leading to more severe complications for those with underlying conditions.
As temperatures drop, pollutants tend to stay at lower levels for longer periods, directly impacting those with respiratory diseases. For many, the persistence of the infection is a reminder of how environmental factors, such as pollution, exacerbate health conditions, particularly in urban centres like Kolkata, where emissions from vehicles and industries contribute to the overall deterioration of air quality. Health experts emphasise the importance of addressing both pollution control and preventive health measures to alleviate the strain on public health services, especially in high-density cities.
Sustainability and the Long-Term Public Health Crisis
While the immediate response to the cold outbreak involves medical treatments such as antibiotics, nasal sprays, and anti-allergic drugs, addressing the root cause of the problem requires a longer-term strategy focused on sustainability. As the population grows and urban development intensifies, Kolkata must prioritise clean air initiatives, better waste management, and public awareness about preventive health measures. Without these measures, we risk facing repeated outbreaks that place a considerable strain on the healthcare system.
From a sustainability perspective, controlling pollution is key to improving public health. Fewer pollutants in the air would reduce the incidence of respiratory infections and other pollution-related health issues. Investments in green spaces, better public transport, and cleaner technologies for industries could contribute significantly to improving the city’s air quality, creating a healthier environment for future generations. For now, the cold outbreak serves as a reminder of how deeply environmental factors impact health outcomes and the urgent need for collective action to safeguard public well-being.
