As winter descends on Kolkata, the city grapples with a worsening air quality index, compounded by construction sites that continue to flout dust control regulations. Despite directives from the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) to cover construction sites and limit dust dispersal, numerous sites across the city remain uncovered, sending plumes of dust into the already polluted air. This non-compliance is a critical issue, especially as air quality deteriorates and the particulate matter levels rise in the wake of the changing season.
A survey conducted in early December revealed numerous construction sites, including those on major roads like Lenin Sarani and Brindaban Mullick Lane, where buildings were being demolished or constructed without any cover to mitigate the dust. Heaps of unprotected construction materials such as sand and debris contributed further to the dust problem, creating an unhealthy environment for local residents. One particularly concerning aspect is the lack of geotextile fabric at many sites, which is designed to trap dust, and the failure to sprinkle water over sand piles to prevent dust from becoming airborne.
The dust generated by these sites contributes directly to the city’s already high levels of PM2.5 and PM10, particulate matters that are harmful to human health. According to Anumita Roy Chowdhury, an air quality expert from the Centre for Science and Environment, the construction dust contains toxins that can breach the blood barrier and affect vital organs. The risks are particularly significant as this dust can be carried far beyond the immediate vicinity of construction, affecting areas previously not considered to be at risk.
Kolkata’s air quality has fallen into the “poor” and “moderate” categories since mid-November, as per the National Air Quality Index. This decline in air quality is exacerbated by the increasing number of construction and demolition activities that are disregarding guidelines laid out by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). These include the mandate to cordon off demolition sites and employ effective dust control measures. The CPCB’s guidelines underline the importance of controlling dust emissions, as fine particles can remain suspended in the air, causing long-term respiratory issues.
The failure to implement dust mitigation strategies at construction sites in Kolkata highlights a significant civic issue that could have lasting health implications. With the government’s emphasis on sustainable urban development, there is a pressing need for stricter enforcement of environmental regulations and greater accountability from developers. Moving forward, a more sustainable approach to construction and a collective effort towards air pollution control will be necessary to protect public health and improve the city’s air quality.
