India’s aviation sector is preparing to lead a global shift toward sustainability, with officials and experts stating that the country will operate the youngest, most fuel-efficient aircraft fleet within the next five years.
This transition is expected to drastically cut carbon emissions, potentially making India the lowest emitter in global aviation—despite currently being among the top three contributors to sectoral emissions. The remarks emerged during a high-level panel at the India Travel and Tourism Sustainability Conclave 2025, where top airline executives and industry analysts shared a common belief: India is entering an era of green aviation at a scale and pace that few countries can match. At present, aviation accounts for roughly 1 per cent of India’s total emissions, significantly lower than the global average. However, given India’s position as the world’s third-largest aviation market—driven by rapid urbanisation, a burgeoning middle class, and regional connectivity growth—emissions are forecast to rise. In response, airlines are racing to modernise their fleets and operational protocols with an eye on long-term sustainability.
An official from a leading low-cost carrier stated that in approximately 2,000 days—just under five and a half years—India will be operating “the youngest fleet in the skies.” With aircraft orders already placed by multiple domestic airlines, newer-generation aircraft designed to consume less fuel and emit fewer greenhouse gases will soon dominate Indian airspace. According to industry data, these new-generation aircraft reduce emissions by up to 20–25 per cent compared to previous models. With most domestic airlines having placed bulk orders for fuel-efficient aircraft from Airbus and Boeing, the cumulative environmental impact could be transformational. Officials noted that beyond the immediate benefits of fuel savings, younger fleets demand less maintenance, reduce noise pollution, and are generally more adaptable to biofuel and SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) alternatives.
A senior executive from a major budget airline also confirmed that the share of new-generation aircraft in their fleet has doubled in just one year—from 10 per cent in FY23 to 50 per cent by the end of FY24. Projections indicate that by next year, two-thirds of their operating fleet will be new-age aircraft, signalling a sharp pivot toward decarbonisation. However, the industry consensus also acknowledged that sustainability is not merely about reducing fuel consumption. An official from a prominent full-service airline said the strategy must extend to broader social, economic, and environmental systems. “For sustainability to be meaningful, it must address circular economy practices, carbon offsetting, resource efficiency, and societal inclusivity,” the official added.
As part of this broader commitment, airlines under larger conglomerates are adopting environmental, social, and governance (ESG) frameworks more systematically. Companies are beginning to re-engineer their operational models—from ground handling and waste management to crew scheduling and water usage—in alignment with sustainability benchmarks. One official from a Tata Group-backed airline pointed out that sustainability is “embedded in the DNA” of their organisation, pushing the boundaries beyond compliance to active stewardship. The group is reportedly exploring SAF collaborations and is part of global forums advocating greener aviation fuels and technologies.
The role of government policy and infrastructure development remains pivotal in supporting this transition. Experts highlighted the need for urgent investment in SAF production, airport electrification, and regulatory incentives that reward low-emission flying. They also called for integrating environmental performance metrics into airline rankings and public procurement frameworks. Experts agreed that India’s advantage lies in its scale and the timing of its aviation growth. Unlike mature markets where retrofitting ageing fleets is a logistical and financial challenge, India’s relatively young aviation sector offers a clean slate—providing a unique opportunity to build low-carbon systems from the ground up.
However, the path is not without obstacles. The industry faces challenges such as limited availability of SAF, high capital costs for newer aircraft, and the need for standardised ESG reporting. In addition, experts warned that consumer awareness around green flying remains low, and sustainability measures must not become mere branding exercises without measurable impact. Yet, despite these hurdles, the mood at the conclave was cautiously optimistic. As passenger numbers are projected to cross 500 million annually by 2030, the sector’s pivot to green technologies and efficient operations could serve as a benchmark for other high-emission industries.
In the larger context of building sustainable and equitable cities, the shift in Indian aviation also supports the national vision of achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. Cleaner skies contribute to better air quality, reduced heat islands around airports, and more climate-resilient infrastructure. India’s aviation story is no longer just about passenger growth or regional connectivity. It is emerging as a symbol of how high-growth industries can integrate climate action without compromising economic momentum. With young fleets, ambitious targets, and a growing sustainability conscience, Indian aviation is poised to make clean flying not just a possibility—but a norm.
Indian Airlines Set to Fly Cleanest Fleet in World Within Five Years
