Hyderabad, once celebrated for its rapid urbanization and burgeoning industrial sector, now faces a grave public health crisis attributed to hazardous levels of air pollution. Recent findings from a comprehensive study conducted by Lancet Planet Health reveal alarming statistics: between 2008 and 2020, Hyderabad witnessed a staggering 5,552 deaths directly linked to air pollution. The severity of the issue has only intensified, with 1,597 fatalities recorded in 2023 alone.
The primary culprit identified in the report is PM 2.5, particulate matter known for its severe health impacts, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, neurodevelopmental deficiencies, and adverse birth outcomes. This microscopic pollutant has permeated several key areas in Hyderabad, notably Sanathnagar, Panjagutta, and Jubilee Hills, where PM 2.5 levels consistently exceed safe thresholds set by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Hyderabad now ranks as the sixth most polluted city in India, joining the ranks of New Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Pune, and Chennai, all grappling with similar air quality challenges. The proliferation of industries, vehicular emissions, rampant construction, and even waste burning contribute significantly to this crisis, exacerbating public health risks and burdening healthcare infrastructure. Local healthcare professionals underscore the mounting cases of pulmonary ailments among residents, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly. A prominent pulmonologist, emphasizes the alarming rise in lung-related illnesses, attributing it directly to prolonged exposure to PM 2.5 and other pollutants.
Furthermore, Hyderabad’s industrial landscape, home to over 2,000 units spanning pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and biotechnology, remains a focal point of concern. Areas like Patancheru and Bollaram, hosting a significant number of these facilities, contribute substantially to the city’s deteriorating air quality index (AQI). The classification of industries by the Central Pollution Control Board into Red, Orange, Green, and White categories underscores the varying degrees of environmental impact, with ‘Red’ industries posing the highest risk due to their production processes and waste management practices. As Hyderabad grapples with the fallout of its air quality crisis, urgent measures are required to mitigate pollution levels and safeguard public health. The onus lies on concerted efforts from governmental bodies, industry stakeholders, and the community at large to implement sustainable practices and stringent regulatory measures aimed at reversing this alarming trend.
