Chhattisgarh Early Coal Plant Closure Could Boost Economy By 171 Billion
Chhattisgarh could see its economy strengthened by USD 171 billion if coal-fired power plants are retired ahead of schedule, according to a recent study. The research suggests that prioritising the closure of older, less efficient coal units can deliver substantial financial gains while reducing health risks and carbon emissions. This finding challenges conventional assumptions that climate action comes at a cost, highlighting the economic potential of India’s transition to cleaner, renewable energy sources.
India remains heavily reliant on coal, which accounts for nearly 70 per cent of its electricity generation. While domestic mining has historically ensured affordable and reliable energy, it has also entrenched long-term public health risks and environmental degradation. Researchers point out that coal plants contribute to over 1,10,000 premature deaths annually, creating a significant economic burden through medical costs and lost productivity. Incorporating these social costs into energy planning reshapes the financial case for early retirement of coal assets.The study employed a detailed power plant–level optimisation model, assessing age, capacity, and efficiency to determine the most economically viable retirement schedules. By comparing pathways aligned with limiting global warming to 1.5°C and 2°C, the researchers found that even coal-heavy states such as Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh could achieve net financial gains of USD 171 billion and USD 110 billion respectively. The model factored in both the social cost of carbon and health co-benefits, emphasising that environmental stewardship and economic growth can progress hand in hand.
Experts highlight that early coal phaseout does not imply compromising energy security. The transition relies on expanding renewable energy zones, battery storage, and robust grid infrastructure. By retiring the least efficient and most polluting units first, India can avoid stranded assets while maintaining investor confidence. A senior energy analyst noted, “Targeted closures combined with strategic renewable deployment create a pathway for economic growth and cleaner air without disrupting power supply.”
Beyond fiscal advantages, this shift carries broader socio-economic benefits. Reduced local pollution can improve public health, while green energy investments generate new employment opportunities. Regions embracing the transition stand to attract sustainable industry, strengthening inclusive economic development. The study’s findings suggest that carefully planned coal retirement can simultaneously support India’s net-zero ambition, enhance public welfare, and unlock significant economic returns, providing a model for other coal-reliant nations.
As India moves towards sourcing half of its installed power capacity from non-fossil fuels by 2030, the report underscores that climate action and economic opportunity are not mutually exclusive. With prudent planning and investment in clean energy infrastructure, early coal plant retirements offer a compelling route to a sustainable, zero-carbon future while boosting regional wealth.
